ٰ챱ոѧ
һʧȥؿٽţһʧȥʷͲٽˡ
ָʻ顱ڹͼ̨
/Ƭ=ֲ
6114:00ڹ̳УΪָļǵĺƽ뷱٣ʷûδ .'
Mun Jin-seok찲ϿͺعЭᣨJang Gye-hwangϯ4ҵѧһμΪָDZļƽ뷱ٵĶǡĹֻĴą̇̄塢ϯ˹DZʱ⸴оġ
ϵ֪ڱʽڵݽϳϯ/Ƭ=ֲ
ιʻĸɡĴϤѧڡйսؽʿġȡǺƽ뷱١Ժ·оԱ' ɡԾĿˡ̨δѧ̨ҷչо̨ѧԺǰԺ̨̹ ԽѧоԺŹƲʿˡDZ۵ͱָƻо
رǣŹнһٺɵĸڽУҿԸݹʷҵرǣ625ձͣ峯߽绮ƻδĿǰڽС˵ڻָокܴİԺӰ졣
ָǡʶࡢޡݡһȥҹѱٰ˴λĺʷűʾ˶֪Ĵڣһ֯
⣬ʷ 2019 꿪˶ѧϣͨʵֶǵĺƽ빲ͬ٣ 6 꼶ıҵѧҲ衣
⣬뺫ʷ֯־ԸʷźȨ˶ʷʨӻᣨϯ棩ƽʡĺίԱᣬԼѧоĺЭΪȷDZͺδˡݳﱸίԱᣨίԱȷȨ
߽Ů (Kim Seon-nyeo)
http://kbs12.co.kr/?c=4&uid=13820
Report on the Human Rights Situation of the Manchurian
Ȩ
繫Ժ(
ǣǵڴߣȨ״йѹֲҡ
A
ޣŴɹţ1636ݷΪޣʷƣһޣΪǻĵطݡɹŷ䡿ȫɹʿ壩ˣɹޣɹŲɹɹ˶ɹءԼɹŲ䡣1642꣬Ϊȫɹ˵쵼ߣ쵼ȫɹˣ뱱ȡ˺˵Ĵ1911ȫɹ˽壬ǰĺ˳Ϊлֳơһи߶ȨͬйءڵĶǴ½ChinaΪDai Chin塣
ͬɹѪͳɳ۹ֳ̽1689ǩˡԼֱ1860Լ˰ԱԶֱʰ뵺ġޡɳռɳ1920Զֱն̲Ϊα屩йŵ壬ԺΪأֳййޣ½ָޡ
1924-1929꣬Ĵй塢ɿϷйˣɽȣõķ֣˵ڶйԲȡ˵һ̲ޣͬʱǺ˵ĸֳߡ
ʵDZ£Լһص˵ڶδ̵ĹޣָΪõձ23ҵijϣʷơڶޡһִľܵĶ干ȺҪУDZĴйصĺˣDZµĺˣ̨ˣһֱԲ䣬ɹŵ䣬ũijˣ¾ÿձˣ˹ŷȵȡڶǾøʩ걸ңģӿ˶ܹսҵйձӢȹĹҵͶʡ
ҵǣڵڶսĽռޣлǩͬԼݴˣлĹӹޣӹ̨壬ռ¹ȹά¼1946ޣ̨һDZл̲ĹҡлɱٵȱУ̨弤˶壬ҲĵֿйͳһսǰĹԱ;ˣѧĵܵѧ˼ܵӵijˡҲˡлҲӰ·ľ͵ɽޣԼейˣһˣξȵš
1947ֳ֧꣬ɹΰлĿƣΪлҲӣйģӿ塣ɹ쵼ɹԼձˡˡ˷йս˲ϤлıȻʧܡҵ£巴йԵĶ˶йսһ֣ййϽɱIJпսΪл̲л
л˶εţ˷лĸ֧֣Ȩָֻ̳֮лڰҰֳǿƺߣޡɹšͻʡصȵȨѣա
BйĶ˵ελȫȺ
йȨԺɳΪڽ̣Գ뼯Ȩĵһƹң˽ҵƣޡһп쵼DZ䣬ԼһвŨҵйʶDZڷߣϧһֶΣܡ̡ٻժȵȡˣӻʵ۵ͨһܺߡƷԾ
1¾.ǣʵۣ1945/ȥսҡȥʷ֤ͥ1950Dzսʮ꣬ͷź
2лʯ⽻ܳ19451949ͷţ
3Ⱥ壬1948ʹ볤Χսһֱսϵֱʹð䳯ȥ̲Ҵߺܶ౻ʽճصޣйӡۡ
4ѧԭлͶкйս1936±1949ٳȥ̨壬ֱ
5ѧ˼ѧ֮ܣΪйμ˹й˾1966ΪͶ֯쵼ߣ1970
6Զʡˣ֯ձޣʧܺй1939һйϮɱǵĸԺĹ1950ɱ졣
7ˣл̨йͳ̨ĺϷԣ̨֧ꡣ
8׳ɶ壬ʡũ֧й1951ѹڼû塣
9ѫ壬и٣1948ӵ˳1966ũ1978û塣
10־£ŮʡԱΪԳëëֶëԶ
11ˣ1968ΪдйŮѪͳۣڱ
12ȣˣй38Ϊ1989ָܾ찲Ŵɱ·ͥ5꣬2016
13ˣ1989ڴɱIJ״ʮꡣ
14ֹѧԱȺ壬ֹͳĻ֮һᳫ̣ͽܶࡣйǰϯйľùţ˽ٶʲġøĸ˴ģɱȺֹѧԱģٲժ
15£ˣҽѧʿйŽ˼й֮־ߣ2002Խϱܵйдͽ̡
16գɽˣ2002ڱһר꣬ԡֲй2003鱻й2016
17ʿ鹤ձʧҵ5ꡣ
18֣ľ˹ˣ2007Ϊ𡰲ҪҪȨǩ˶ԡɿ߸Ȩ
19ӰؼӰʦŶ趵ڼôѧйΪﷸȺ꣬Ϊ丸йؾ˾2008ز֧ɱˡ
20ˣŵƽߣ1989ʳ찲Ŵɱ200808¡л2017
21ּףˣ2009Ϊַֹ֧ѧԱ˵˶лڱ̰ꡣ
22촿ϣ찲ˣ壬2015˻ȥϷã쿪ǹС
23ŷþֹԱΪ¶˵عԱ̰Ӧڷľѣ䲻
䣩
CӶʲٻ
1944꣬ģ˾GDP315Ԫձ˾GDP226Ԫֵ˾GDP1465Ԫʱй˾GDPֻ63Ԫ·й2·й3˺й11ей17ҵֵܲй50й16й18лȡ֮ĸĵũҵԴĹҵԴ׳Դ̲лսԼֳ֧̲սʹijˣð䳯ȥַ
1954йֱϽ157ޣɽ˳Ϫйĵһƻ156ĿޣʵԭеĹҵĻе豸ƵĹҵʽԼձʦ䵽ޣȴãֻ˻ԭַװָתҲ⡢ǨĹҵҵͼ˲šĻ˲ţȥйصĿհסйеĹҵع졢ԼյӰȵĻҵǴȡֲģ磺ú֣촬ɻľģҩӰ...ԼģĵĵһҵԴ磺ʳҩġľġʯú̿ʯ͡ƽɫĸڼ䣬涨ʳƷ͵150gÿÿ¡
رǵСƽ1989ɱ1992꿪ʼľͣģIJεĴݻеĹҵϵҵйԱлߣ½DZ뿪Ůޱءȫйȫ硣Ϊйصľݿӣһø߷ޣڱڳйݿӣһū
D۸ʷĻ
лȨлëȨϷй˽ģԵһӴͼΪԺðļ̳ˣֳйˣйִˣǴ۸ʷɹعϵʷйϵʷرڶձܵ岿䣬۹̵µӡڰǵֳͳ£ޡɹšʵȵĴͳԼĻĽȨǿƹйʽ壬ȡ˴ͳĶԪĻȲòʹΪйĻҵֿʹԱɽƺꡢ˳ȵȵпݣ˵
μйԭסΪ
йԭסΪ
й1949꽨Ȩ֮νѧۣԭסνġʶ𡱺͡廮֡ݡʶ𡱵Ľȫٰ̩Եԭס֮⣩ǿзָΪ壬壬¿壬״壬壬ɹʹӶ塣֡廮֡ΥԭסʷչԣҶԭסĻķչԶӰ졣磬ΪIJ壬йɹ塣ĻΪȴΪ塣
ڽꡰʶ֮һϵйٷijijڽֵġִ顷ķʽ涨ԭסıʷдʽԭסԼڽĻķչơУ20ʮ꣬ɹѧ̩Ӷѧ߶Ͱͼ˵Ұоںͼʡ൱ۼдʹǹǿй涨ΪʷԣͨúֹԡֻڴѧԼлʷойصԺϵγ̣Сѧֹγ̣˼ѧо֮⣬ֹ潫ΪԽнѧĽ̿顢ʵȡ21ͳһпйڵɶйɹеǿƺߣĹѧУҲѸȡγ̡
⣬ȻйϳԭסӵԼԣǽֹΪֹ1949ΪֵֹĶ¿壬״ͺ崴֣Щ֪ʶĸдҲûڹٷԳϡӶѧĸԼ֣йûʽϹ֣ҲܾӶԼѧУ֡Ϊ⣬Ȼ½άIJ첼廹ԼԺ֣Ѿȫ˵ȨҲֹ첼ص嵽йٷʵķԼطĹѧУִлȻ½ͬһ壬ǰڹѹȫɥʧѧϰֵĻᡣȻ½ıֵʹҲֲܵпƣʹ˿Ѿ٣ҲڱΣ״̬
ĻΪ20͵Ļڼﵽ塣йԭס壬ĻģҪȽĺѧϰͺĻУĴɹ屻ǿȸ˵ﱻǿƻף٣ջ٣ﱻ١˵кܶ˾סйı߾شҹִΪĿͶԴ˱νġ2080ȻĻѾǺĺܶȻʹáָԼԣdzĻ
̵ܵȺ֮⣬ޱĹڽ̡ܵĶ˲١̵ڽ̻νġ⽨šֹڽƷ顢ջٻ١
⣬ɭѱ¹ֳԻĶ¿壬״ʹͳʽҲƻ21ǵǹսɣνԭסΪڣǿȴԭס뿪Լ汲ɭ֣ǿǨνġ´塱ѱ¹һֵԣڡ´塱ӦȦѱ¹ʧȥ¹ȺԭסֻܱȸıԼĴͳʽ⣬ڹΪӶԴĴģȾュȺѾΪ٣汲ԲҵΪĺѾټΣյĴԭסʶ֪ʶǸе¿ҡʫάѣViktor嵼ݹһϵеӰйԼķŭɱڹǿɹкǶʱ䣬ɹѧҳʾԼķŭпѹ֮ЩɹѧУĽʦ¥ɱ
The genocide committed by the Chinese Communist regime against the indigenous people of Manchuria
After the Chinese Communist Party established power in 1949, based on the so-called Soviet ethnological theory, it carried out so-called "ethnic identification" and "ethnic classification" for many aborigines living in Manchuria. According to the results of "ethnic identification", the aboriginal people (except Koreans) speaking Altai languages in Manchuria were forcibly divided into Manchu, Xibe, Ewenki, Oroqen, Hezhe, Mongolian and Daur ethnic groups. This "ethnic division" itself violates the internal logic of the historical development of Aboriginal people. It is not only arbitrary, but also has a profound negative impact on the development of Aboriginal culture. For example, the Buryat ethnic group, which was classified as a separate ethnic group in the Soviet Union, was instead merged into the Mongolian ethnic group in China. The Manchu and Xibe people, whose languages and cultures are very similar, are divided into two ethnic groups.
After the Communist Party carried out "ethnic identification", it compiled a series of official publications (the most famous publications include the "Five Series of Ethnic Issues" by the State Administration of Ethnic and Religious Affairs) to stipulate various ethnic groups according to the Soviet communist method. The writing paradigm of Aboriginal history and various restrictions on the development of Aboriginal languages and religious culture. Among them, although in the 1950s, according to field research conducted by Mongolian scholar Qinggeltei, Daur scholar Enhe Batu and others, there were still a large number of Manchus in quite a few gathering places in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. The people use Manchu, but the Communist Party forcibly stipulates that the Manchu language is a historical language, Manchu speaks Chinese, and prohibits Manchu from being regarded as a living language. Manchu courses are only allowed to be offered in departments related to the study of Qing Dynasty history in universities and scientific research institutions. Manchu courses are prohibited from being taught in primary and secondary schools. Except for a very small number of academic research works, it is prohibited to publish books that teach Manchu as a living language. Textbooks, grammars, dictionaries, etc. Although there was a short-term relaxation of this cruel language policy in the early 21st century, with the compulsory sinicization policy implemented by the Chinese Communist Party in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Manchu courses were quickly banned in public schools in Manchuria.
In addition, although the Chinese Communist Party recognizes that other indigenous peoples except the Manchu have their own languages, it prohibits the creation of written texts for the Evenki, Oroqen and Hezhe people who did not have written languages as of 1949. Intellectuals of these ethnic groups use Latin The alphabet's own creation of writing has never been officially recognized. Daur scholars once created their own script based on the Manchu alphabet during the Qing Dynasty, but the Chinese Communist Party has never officially recognized this script and has refused to allow the Daur people to teach it in their schools. The situation of the Xibe people is even worse. Although the Xibe people living in Qapqal County of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still retain their own language and writing, the Xibe people living in Manchuria have all switched to speaking Chinese, and the Communist regime has banned the Xibe people in Qapqal County went to Manchuria for an official visit and carried out language inheritance activities between public schools in the two places. Although the Xibe people living in Manchuria and the Xibe people in Xinjiang belong to the same ethnic group, the former were oppressed by the Communist Party. The opportunity to re-learn the spoken and written language of the nation was completely lost. Of course, the use of the spoken and written language of the Xibe people in Xinjiang has also been subject to various cruel restrictions. The number of speakers has been greatly reduced, and the language is now in an endangered state.
This kind of cultural genocide reached its peak during the Cultural Revolution of the 20th century. According to the propaganda of the Chinese Communist Party, all aboriginal people belong to ethnic minorities, their culture is backward, and they need to learn Chinese language and Han culture from the advanced Han people. Among them, a large number of Mongolians in Manchuria were forced to speak Chinese, a large number of lamas in Buddhist temples were forced to return to secular life, a large number of temples were demolished, Buddhist scriptures were burned, and a large number of precious cultural relics were destroyed. Since many Manchus who speak Manchu live on the border between China and the Soviet Union, and the Communist Party once stubbornly believed that the spoken Manchu language is similar to Russian, a large number of Manchus were arrested as so-called "Soviet spies." In the 1980s, although the Cultural Revolution had ended, many Manchus in Heilongjiang still did not dare to use the word "Manchu" to refer to their own language, instead calling it "translated words".
In addition to the persecution of Buddhist lamas, the ancient native religion of Manchuria, shamanism, suffered no less misfortune. Shamanistic religious activities were banned as so-called "feudal superstition", and a large number of religious items, including scriptures and magical instruments, were burned or damaged.
In addition, the living environment and traditional way of life of the Ewenki and Oroqen people who have long been engaged in reindeer breeding and hunting in the forest have also been devastated. Since the beginning of the 21st century, their shotguns have been gradually confiscated. The Communist Party has used the so-called "improving the living environment of the indigenous people" as an excuse to force a large number of indigenous people to leave the forests where their ancestors have lived and forcibly moved to so-called "new villages" to live. Due to the special characteristics of the reindeer species, they were unable to adapt to captive life in the "new village" and a large number of reindeer died. The indigenous people who lost their deer herds were forced to change their traditional way of life. In addition, due to the large-scale pollution of Manchurian rivers by the Communist government in order to plunder Manchurian resources, the number of fish in the Usuri River has been greatly reduced. The Hezhe people, who have made a living by fishing for generations, are facing an extremely dangerous situation. Regarding this situation, the intellectuals with national consciousness among the aboriginal people feel despair. The famous Ewenki painter and poet Viktor once publicly expressed his anger in a series of films shot by the Manchu director Gu Tao. He finally Drunk and committed suicide. During the period when the Communist government forced Mongolians to sinicize, a large number of Mongolian students, parents and young people held public demonstrations to express their anger. After being brutally suppressed, some Mongolian school teachers were forced to jump off buildings or commit suicide.
һʧȥؿٽţһʧȥʷͲٽˡ
ָʻ顱ڹͼ̨
/Ƭ=ֲ
6114:00ڹ̳УΪָļǵĺƽ뷱٣ʷûδ .'
Mun Jin-seok찲ϿͺعЭᣨJang Gye-hwangϯ4ҵѧһμΪָDZļƽ뷱ٵĶǡĹֻĴą̇̄塢ϯ˹DZʱ⸴оġ
ϵ֪ڱʽڵݽϳϯ/Ƭ=ֲ
ιʻĸɡĴϤѧڡйսؽʿġȡǺƽ뷱١Ժ·оԱ' ɡԾĿˡ̨δѧ̨ҷչо̨ѧԺǰԺ̨̹ ԽѧоԺŹƲʿˡDZ۵ͱָƻо
رǣŹнһٺɵĸڽУҿԸݹʷҵرǣ625ձͣ峯߽绮ƻδĿǰڽС˵ڻָокܴİԺӰ졣
ָǡʶࡢޡݡһȥҹѱٰ˴λĺʷűʾ˶֪Ĵڣһ֯
⣬ʷ 2019 꿪˶ѧϣͨʵֶǵĺƽ빲ͬ٣ 6 꼶ıҵѧҲ衣
⣬뺫ʷ֯־ԸʷźȨ˶ʷʨӻᣨϯ棩ƽʡĺίԱᣬԼѧоĺЭΪȷDZͺδˡݳﱸίԱᣨίԱȷȨ
߽Ů (Kim Seon-nyeo)
http://kbs12.co.kr/?c=4&uid=13820
Report on the Human Rights Situation of the Manchurian
Ȩ
繫Ժ(
ǣǵڴߣȨ״йѹֲҡ
A
ޣŴɹţ1636ݷΪޣʷƣһޣΪǻĵطݡɹŷ䡿ȫɹʿ壩ˣɹޣɹŲɹɹ˶ɹءԼɹŲ䡣1642꣬Ϊȫɹ˵쵼ߣ쵼ȫɹˣ뱱ȡ˺˵Ĵ1911ȫɹ˽壬ǰĺ˳Ϊлֳơһи߶ȨͬйءڵĶǴ½ChinaΪDai Chin塣
ͬɹѪͳɳ۹ֳ̽1689ǩˡԼֱ1860Լ˰ԱԶֱʰ뵺ġޡɳռɳ1920Զֱն̲Ϊα屩йŵ壬ԺΪأֳййޣ½ָޡ
1924-1929꣬Ĵй塢ɿϷйˣɽȣõķ֣˵ڶйԲȡ˵һ̲ޣͬʱǺ˵ĸֳߡ
ʵDZ£Լһص˵ڶδ̵ĹޣָΪõձ23ҵijϣʷơڶޡһִľܵĶ干ȺҪУDZĴйصĺˣDZµĺˣ̨ˣһֱԲ䣬ɹŵ䣬ũijˣ¾ÿձˣ˹ŷȵȡڶǾøʩ걸ңģӿ˶ܹսҵйձӢȹĹҵͶʡ
ҵǣڵڶսĽռޣлǩͬԼݴˣлĹӹޣӹ̨壬ռ¹ȹά¼1946ޣ̨һDZл̲ĹҡлɱٵȱУ̨弤˶壬ҲĵֿйͳһսǰĹԱ;ˣѧĵܵѧ˼ܵӵijˡҲˡлҲӰ·ľ͵ɽޣԼейˣһˣξȵš
1947ֳ֧꣬ɹΰлĿƣΪлҲӣйģӿ塣ɹ쵼ɹԼձˡˡ˷йս˲ϤлıȻʧܡҵ£巴йԵĶ˶йսһ֣ййϽɱIJпսΪл̲л
л˶εţ˷лĸ֧֣Ȩָֻ̳֮лڰҰֳǿƺߣޡɹšͻʡصȵȨѣա
BйĶ˵ελȫȺ
йȨԺɳΪڽ̣Գ뼯Ȩĵһƹң˽ҵƣޡһп쵼DZ䣬ԼһвŨҵйʶDZڷߣϧһֶΣܡ̡ٻժȵȡˣӻʵ۵ͨһܺߡƷԾ
1¾.ǣʵۣ1945/ȥսҡȥʷ֤ͥ1950Dzսʮ꣬ͷź
2лʯ⽻ܳ19451949ͷţ
3Ⱥ壬1948ʹ볤Χսһֱսϵֱʹð䳯ȥ̲Ҵߺܶ౻ʽճصޣйӡۡ
4ѧԭлͶкйս1936±1949ٳȥ̨壬ֱ
5ѧ˼ѧ֮ܣΪйμ˹й˾1966ΪͶ֯쵼ߣ1970
6Զʡˣ֯ձޣʧܺй1939һйϮɱǵĸԺĹ1950ɱ졣
7ˣл̨йͳ̨ĺϷԣ̨֧ꡣ
8׳ɶ壬ʡũ֧й1951ѹڼû塣
9ѫ壬и٣1948ӵ˳1966ũ1978û塣
10־£ŮʡԱΪԳëëֶëԶ
11ˣ1968ΪдйŮѪͳۣڱ
12ȣˣй38Ϊ1989ָܾ찲Ŵɱ·ͥ5꣬2016
13ˣ1989ڴɱIJ״ʮꡣ
14ֹѧԱȺ壬ֹͳĻ֮һᳫ̣ͽܶࡣйǰϯйľùţ˽ٶʲġøĸ˴ģɱȺֹѧԱģٲժ
15£ˣҽѧʿйŽ˼й֮־ߣ2002Խϱܵйдͽ̡
16գɽˣ2002ڱһר꣬ԡֲй2003鱻й2016
17ʿ鹤ձʧҵ5ꡣ
18֣ľ˹ˣ2007Ϊ𡰲ҪҪȨǩ˶ԡɿ߸Ȩ
19ӰؼӰʦŶ趵ڼôѧйΪﷸȺ꣬Ϊ丸йؾ˾2008ز֧ɱˡ
20ˣŵƽߣ1989ʳ찲Ŵɱ200808¡л2017
21ּףˣ2009Ϊַֹ֧ѧԱ˵˶лڱ̰ꡣ
22촿ϣ찲ˣ壬2015˻ȥϷã쿪ǹС
23ŷþֹԱΪ¶˵عԱ̰Ӧڷľѣ䲻
䣩
CӶʲٻ
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The genocide committed by the Chinese Communist regime against the indigenous people of Manchuria
After the Chinese Communist Party established power in 1949, based on the so-called Soviet ethnological theory, it carried out so-called "ethnic identification" and "ethnic classification" for many aborigines living in Manchuria. According to the results of "ethnic identification", the aboriginal people (except Koreans) speaking Altai languages in Manchuria were forcibly divided into Manchu, Xibe, Ewenki, Oroqen, Hezhe, Mongolian and Daur ethnic groups. This "ethnic division" itself violates the internal logic of the historical development of Aboriginal people. It is not only arbitrary, but also has a profound negative impact on the development of Aboriginal culture. For example, the Buryat ethnic group, which was classified as a separate ethnic group in the Soviet Union, was instead merged into the Mongolian ethnic group in China. The Manchu and Xibe people, whose languages and cultures are very similar, are divided into two ethnic groups.
After the Communist Party carried out "ethnic identification", it compiled a series of official publications (the most famous publications include the "Five Series of Ethnic Issues" by the State Administration of Ethnic and Religious Affairs) to stipulate various ethnic groups according to the Soviet communist method. The writing paradigm of Aboriginal history and various restrictions on the development of Aboriginal languages and religious culture. Among them, although in the 1950s, according to field research conducted by Mongolian scholar Qinggeltei, Daur scholar Enhe Batu and others, there were still a large number of Manchus in quite a few gathering places in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. The people use Manchu, but the Communist Party forcibly stipulates that the Manchu language is a historical language, Manchu speaks Chinese, and prohibits Manchu from being regarded as a living language. Manchu courses are only allowed to be offered in departments related to the study of Qing Dynasty history in universities and scientific research institutions. Manchu courses are prohibited from being taught in primary and secondary schools. Except for a very small number of academic research works, it is prohibited to publish books that teach Manchu as a living language. Textbooks, grammars, dictionaries, etc. Although there was a short-term relaxation of this cruel language policy in the early 21st century, with the compulsory sinicization policy implemented by the Chinese Communist Party in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Manchu courses were quickly banned in public schools in Manchuria.
In addition, although the Chinese Communist Party recognizes that other indigenous peoples except the Manchu have their own languages, it prohibits the creation of written texts for the Evenki, Oroqen and Hezhe people who did not have written languages as of 1949. Intellectuals of these ethnic groups use Latin The alphabet's own creation of writing has never been officially recognized. Daur scholars once created their own script based on the Manchu alphabet during the Qing Dynasty, but the Chinese Communist Party has never officially recognized this script and has refused to allow the Daur people to teach it in their schools. The situation of the Xibe people is even worse. Although the Xibe people living in Qapqal County of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still retain their own language and writing, the Xibe people living in Manchuria have all switched to speaking Chinese, and the Communist regime has banned the Xibe people in Qapqal County went to Manchuria for an official visit and carried out language inheritance activities between public schools in the two places. Although the Xibe people living in Manchuria and the Xibe people in Xinjiang belong to the same ethnic group, the former were oppressed by the Communist Party. The opportunity to re-learn the spoken and written language of the nation was completely lost. Of course, the use of the spoken and written language of the Xibe people in Xinjiang has also been subject to various cruel restrictions. The number of speakers has been greatly reduced, and the language is now in an endangered state.
This kind of cultural genocide reached its peak during the Cultural Revolution of the 20th century. According to the propaganda of the Chinese Communist Party, all aboriginal people belong to ethnic minorities, their culture is backward, and they need to learn Chinese language and Han culture from the advanced Han people. Among them, a large number of Mongolians in Manchuria were forced to speak Chinese, a large number of lamas in Buddhist temples were forced to return to secular life, a large number of temples were demolished, Buddhist scriptures were burned, and a large number of precious cultural relics were destroyed. Since many Manchus who speak Manchu live on the border between China and the Soviet Union, and the Communist Party once stubbornly believed that the spoken Manchu language is similar to Russian, a large number of Manchus were arrested as so-called "Soviet spies." In the 1980s, although the Cultural Revolution had ended, many Manchus in Heilongjiang still did not dare to use the word "Manchu" to refer to their own language, instead calling it "translated words".
In addition to the persecution of Buddhist lamas, the ancient native religion of Manchuria, shamanism, suffered no less misfortune. Shamanistic religious activities were banned as so-called "feudal superstition", and a large number of religious items, including scriptures and magical instruments, were burned or damaged.
In addition, the living environment and traditional way of life of the Ewenki and Oroqen people who have long been engaged in reindeer breeding and hunting in the forest have also been devastated. Since the beginning of the 21st century, their shotguns have been gradually confiscated. The Communist Party has used the so-called "improving the living environment of the indigenous people" as an excuse to force a large number of indigenous people to leave the forests where their ancestors have lived and forcibly moved to so-called "new villages" to live. Due to the special characteristics of the reindeer species, they were unable to adapt to captive life in the "new village" and a large number of reindeer died. The indigenous people who lost their deer herds were forced to change their traditional way of life. In addition, due to the large-scale pollution of Manchurian rivers by the Communist government in order to plunder Manchurian resources, the number of fish in the Usuri River has been greatly reduced. The Hezhe people, who have made a living by fishing for generations, are facing an extremely dangerous situation. Regarding this situation, the intellectuals with national consciousness among the aboriginal people feel despair. The famous Ewenki painter and poet Viktor once publicly expressed his anger in a series of films shot by the Manchu director Gu Tao. He finally Drunk and committed suicide. During the period when the Communist government forced Mongolians to sinicize, a large number of Mongolian students, parents and young people held public demonstrations to express their anger. After being brutally suppressed, some Mongolian school teachers were forced to jump off buildings or commit suicide.
���༭ʱ��: 2024-01-12 18:09:04